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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Responsibility for the Holocaust ： ウィキペディア英語版 Responsibility for the Holocaust Responsibility for the Holocaust is the subject of an ongoing historical debate spanning several decades. Intentionalist historians such as Lucy Dawidowicz argue that Adolf Hitler planned the extermination of the Jewish people from as early as 1918, and that he personally oversaw its execution. Functionalists such as Raul Hilberg have argued that the extermination plans evolved in stages, as a result of initiatives from bureaucrats who were responding to other policy failures. Adolf Hitler did ask Winston Churchill if all the German Jews could be relocated to Palestine. Winston Churchill said no. == Historical and philosophical interpretations == The enormity of the Holocaust has prompted much analysis. The Holocaust has been characterized as an industrial project of extermination. This led authors such as Enzo Traverso to argue in ''The Origins of Nazi Violence'' that Auschwitz was "an authentic product of Western civilization".〔See also Enzo Traverso, ("Nazism’s roots in European culture—Production line of murder" ) in ''Le Monde diplomatique'', February 2005 〕 Beginning his book with a description of the guillotine, which according to him marks the entry of the Industrial Revolution into capital punishment, and writes: "Through an irony of history, the theories of Frederick Taylor" (taylorism) were applied by a totalitarian system to serve "not production, but extermination." (See also Heidegger's comments). In the wake of Hannah Arendt, Traverso describes the colonial domination during the New Imperialism period through "rational organization", which led in a number of cases to extermination. However, this argument, which insists on the industrialization and technical rationality through which the Holocaust itself was carried out (the organization of trains, technical details, etc.—see Adolf Eichmann's bureaucratic work), was in turn opposed by other people. These point out that the 1994 Rwandan Genocide mostly used machetes. Others have presented the Holocaust as a product of German history, analyzing its deep roots in German society: "German authoritarianism, feeble liberalism, brash nationalism or virulent anti-Semitism. From A. J. P. Taylor's ''The Course of German History'' fifty-five years ago to Daniel Goldhagen's recent ''Hitler's Willing Executioners'', Nazism is understood as the outcome of a long history of uniquely German traits", writes Russell Jacoby.〔("Savage Modernism" ), Russell Jacoby, ''The Nation'', October 13, 2003 issue 〕 Furthermore, while many pointed out that the specificity of the Holocaust was also rooted in the constant antisemitism from which Jews had been the target since the foundation of Christianity (and the myth of the "deicide people"), others underlined that in the 19th century, pseudo-scientific racist theories had been elaborated in order to justify, in a general way, white supremacy. In his works on "biopolitics", philosopher Michel Foucault also traced the origins of "state racism" to the eugenicist policies invented during the 19th century. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Responsibility for the Holocaust」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.